Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

“Data centers consumed about 4.4% of total U.S. electricity in 2023 and are expected to consume approximately 6.7% to 12% of total U.S. electricity by 2028; data center load growth has tripled over the past decade and is projected to double or triple by 2028 (176 TWh in 2023 rising to 325–580 TWh in 2028).”

Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryResearcher

2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report for the Department of Energy; lead author Arman Shehabi

Target year 2028 is still in the future; LBNL's own 2025 update has since revised the trajectory upward (11.8% of U.S. electricity by 2030, 9.5–15.3% range).

“This report updates the 2024 Data Center Energy Usage Report and estimates that data centers could account for 11.8% of total U.S. electricity by 2030 (reference case 649 TWh), with a scenario range of 9.5% to 15.3% of total U.S. electricity use by 2030 — compared with the 2024 report's 6.7%–12.0% by 2028 estimate.”

Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryResearcher

2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report for the Department of Energy; lead author Arman Shehabi

Target year 2030 is in the future. Note the report is titled '2025 Update' but is self-cited as Shehabi 2026 and references the NERC 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment published in 2026.