“By 2025, China will have initially established an innovation system for humanoid robots, achieved breakthroughs in several key technologies, ensured the safe and effective supply of core components, and humanoid robot products will reach advanced international levels and realise mass production.”

Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyPolicymaker

Chinese ministry for industry and IT; issuer of the Guiding Opinion on the Innovation and Development of Humanoid Robots

2025 was widely billed in China as the first year of humanoid 'mass production' — Unitree, UBTech and AgiBot each shipped hundreds to low thousands of units and domestic actuator/reducer supply improved — but volumes remained small and deployments largely pilot-scale rather than true mass production.