“A built-in-China humanoid robot's bill-of-materials cost was $35,000 in 2025 but will be roughly cut in half to below $17,000 by 2030, driven by scale effects and continued improvements in component design; by 2030 linear actuators will account for the largest BOM share (27%), followed by rotary actuators (24%) and dexterous hands (19%).”

Bank of America Global ResearchWall Street

Sell-side research division of Bank of America; 'Physical AI, part 2: Humanoid robots'

Deadline is 2030; Western-built pilot humanoids still carry roughly $90,000–$100,000 bills of materials, versus about $35,000 in China.