“My oldest son is 11... that means in four and a half years, he's going to be able to get his driver's license. My team and I are committed to making sure that doesn't happen.”

Chris UrmsonResearcher

Director of Self-Driving Cars, Google

By late 2019 self-driving cars were nowhere near ubiquitous enough to make a driver's licence unnecessary: Waymo's only public service was a limited, mostly safety-driver-supervised operation in suburban Phoenix. Urmson himself had left Google in 2016 and by 2019, as Aurora's CEO, was saying driverless cars would be integrated onto roads over the next 30 to 50 years.